Combustion-chamber



P. D'H.:DRESSLER. COMBUSTON CHAMBER. APPUCAUUN mw Nov. 2o, |919.

Patented Allg. 3, 1920.

idg/M3,

as@ u@ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ASSIGNOB T0 AMERICAN' DRESSLER A CORPORATION 0F YORK.

COMBUSTION-CHAMBER.

To all whom t may concern:

`Be it known that I, PHrLlr DH. Duess- LER, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and resident of Zanesville, in the county of Muskingum and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements 1n Combustion-Chambers, of which the followin r is a specification.

IVI f present invention relates to the well known Dressler tunnel kiln shown for examle in patents of Conrad Dressler Nos. 1,023,628 and y 1,170,428 granted April 16, 1912 and February 1, 1916, respectively.

In the Dressler kiln as ordinarily constructed `an elongated kiln chamber is provided through which are passed cars carrying the goods or wares to be heated. At the sides of the pathway for the goods or wares are located elongated combustion chambers running lengthwise of the kiln chamber for many feet. Air and fuel are introduced to each combustion chamber adjacent one end thereof and the products of combustion flow lengthwise of the combustion chamber to an outlet at the opposite end thereof.

My present invention consists of an improved form of combustion chamber construction especially devised to eliminate or minimize diiiiculties arising in a Dressler kiln from the normal expansion and contraction of the parts. The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity vin the claims annexed hereto and forming a part of this specification; For a better understanding ofthe invention, however, and the advantages possessed by it, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described preferred embodiments of my invention. j

(lf the drawings;

Figure 1 is a transverse section of a Dressler kiln with the left-hand combustion chamber in section on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 2 is a partial section on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a partial section taken similarly F ig. 2 but on a larger scale,

Fig. 4 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 3 showing combustion chamber sections partially separated,

Fig. 5 is aview taken similarly to Fig. 3 illustrating a modified construction, and

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented'Aug. 3, 1920.

Application filed November 20, 1919. Serial No. 339,488.

Fig. 6 is a section taken similarly to Fig. 3 illustrating a second modification.

In the drawings A represents the kiln chamber proper of a Dressler kiln of typical construction. The kiln chamber is inclosed by a refractory wall B and is provided at its bottom with benches C at the sides of the pathway for the goods carrying car E. 0n cach bench C at the corresponding side of the pathway for the goods or wares F, sup ported by the car E, is located a combustion chamber G which runs lengthwise of the kiln and in which combustion is initiated and through which the products of 'combustion flow lengthwise ofthe kiln. The walls of each combustion chamber are formed of refractory material in the form of hollow tile H H2, H and H, each of which eX- tends transversely in length to the length of the kiln, and is formed with open ended channels h through which the kiln atmosphere may circulate upwardly about the combustion chamber and downward through the goods, generally as indicated by the arrows applied to the right-hand side of Fig. 1. In so far as above described, the construction illustrated is typical of the prior art.

The present invention is concerned with the formation and maintenance, notwith standing thermal expansion and contraction of proper joints between the tile sections H" H2, H3, and H* arranged side by side to form each of the four walls of the combustion chamber. As shown, in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 each tile section H is formed at one edge with a shoulder or rib I adjacent the4 outer side and at its other edge. with a rib or shoulder I adjacent its inner side. The rib I of one section H' overlaJ s the rib I of the adjacent section H. Ifaetween the abutting and overlapping surfacesbf each adjacent pair of tile sections are placed a layer J of mortaror refractory cement in the initial construction of the kiln. The provision of ribs on the adjacent tile section which overlap and which are mortared or cemented together in the initial construction of the kiln is not in itself novel, but the overlapping joint provided in the construction illustrated is novel in respect to the shape and dimensions of the overlapping ribs and in the manner in which the cement J normally sealing the joints is applied. The overlapping shoulders I and I of adjacent sections H have their adjacent surfaces similarly inclined to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber, and these shoulders extend away from the correspondin edge of the body of the tile section for a distance much greater than has heretofore been the practice. The extent to which the ribs project away from the body of the tile is made great enough so that with the maximum separation between adjacent tile sections H which ma be expected to occur in practice the ribs and I of adjacent tile sections will still overlap as indicated in Fig. 4. While the inclination of the overlapping surfaces of the sections to the axis of the combustion chamber involves a separation between the overlapping surfaces of the section which are drawn apart as shown in Fig. 4 with any slight angle of inclination such as that shown the joint opening is a restricted one, and the leakage through it with the pressure normally prevailing will be comparatively slight. The inclination of the overlapping surfaces will permit this separation to occur without subjecting the tile sections to strains tending to fracture them or to tear the mortar seals apart, or to dislocate the contacting sections H' and H, and Ha and H2, etc. This would not be true if it vwere attempted to make the planes of the overlapping surfaces parallel to the axis of the com ustion chamber since the character of the material out of which the tile sections H', etc., are made and the manner in which 'they are made, as well as the conditions of use make it practically impossible to obtain overlapping surfaces smooth and truly parallel to one another.

While the invention is not restricted, of course, to any particular set of exact dimensions, I may say by way of example that in the actual construction illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 the sections are so shaped and proportioned that the ribs I and I' project away from the edge of the body ortion of the correspondingr tile sections or abouttwo inches. To avoid warping 4,and fracture in the manufacture of the tile sections and under the thermal.- conditions to which they are subjected in use, an o en ended ventilation channel z.' isform in eachfof the ribs I and I .to which the kiln atmosphere may circulate in operation just as `it does throughthechannels h in the body of the tile section.

To avoid liability of the cement or. mortar forinin the joint J being displaced when a pair of sections v,are drawn apart as shownjinaFig. d, I advantageously so seal the joints that when thesections separate, the cement will adhere to one ,of the sections and not to the other. This eiect may be produced, forexample, by washing the mortar enga 'ng surfaces of one section with silicate olsoda and by washing or dusting the mortar engaging surfaces of the other section with powdered flint. Treated in this manner the flint coating between the one section and the mortar J revents adherence between the two, while t e silicate of soda fuses when the apparatus is heated up and insures a firm adherance between the mortar and other section. r Instead of, or in addition to, using silicate of soda, the surfaces to which the mortar is to adhere may be speciall ence. n practice, the surfaces to which the mortar is caused to adhere should so far as is practicable be the lower of the two surfaces between which, when the mortar is placed, one surface lies above the other. By causing the adherance of the mortar to one of the two adjacent tile sections only, there `is less liability of the mortar being displaced when the sections pull apart, and the avoidance @f such displacement insures a practically gas-tight joint whenby a subsequent temperature chan e or by manipulation the sections are broug t together again. If the mortar adhered to both surfaces and had to be broken apart when the sections separate or did not adhere to either the mortar would sometimes interfere with the return of the sections from the condition illustrated in Fi 3 to that illustrated in Fig. 4.

rIlhe sections H2 are formed with overlapping ribs and have joint formin provisions exactlgsimilar to those emplchyed in the section and this is true also of the various sections H3 and H4. Indeed, in practice, the various sections H', H2, H, and H4 are of the same cross-section and are made in the same pipe molding machine.

The results obtained with the overlapping joint construction shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, and 4 may obviously be obtained with differently shaped ribs. For example, as shown in Fig. 5 each of the tile sections HA is formed at one edge with a central rib I5 having its opposite side inclined toward one another, and is formed at its opposite edge with a air` of ribs I having adjacent sides incline away from one another and proportioned to receive between them rib I5 of an adjacent section HA. Similarly, as shown in Fig. 6, each tile section HB may have tworibs Ia at each of its opposite edges and both adjacent one side of the section, while the adjacent section has similar ribs I7 at its opposite edges both at the op osite side of the section from that at whiclh the ribs I are located.

While in accordance with the revisions of the statutes I have illustrate and described the best form of my invention now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that changes may be made in the form of the ap aratus disclosed without departing from t e spirit of my invention as set forth in the `appended claims.

roughened to increase the adher-` Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a tunnel kilna combustion chamber having its Walls formed of sections of refractory material separated by joints trailsverse to the length of the sections and having shoulders which overlap at the joints to an extent greater than the separation of the sections resulting from normal changes in the kiln chamber and having the overlapping surfaces of the shoulders similarly inclined to the longitudinal axis of the chamber.

2. A combustion chamber for tunnel kilns having its walls formed of sections of `refractory material separated by joints transverse to the length of the section and having shoulders which overlap at the joints cach of said sections having one or more openended Ventilating channels formed in its body portion and an open-ended Ventilating channel formed in each of its overlapping shoulders, said channels extending longitudinally of the section.

3. A-combustion chamber for tunnel kilns having its walls formed of'sections of refractory material Separated by joints transverse to the length of the sections and having shoulders which overlap at the joints and a refractory filling between the adjacent sections adhering to one but not the other of adjacent sections. i

4. A combustion chamber for tunnel kilns having its Walls formed of sections of refractory material separated by joints transverse to the length of the sections and having shoulders which overlap at the joints and a refractory mortar filling between adjacent sections cemented to one of said sections and separated from the other of saidV sections by non-cementitious material.

Signed at Detroit i'n the county of Wa ne and State. of Michigan this 14th day of {lovember A. D. 1919.

PHILIP DH. DRESSLER. 

